What matters most on defence?

Footwork and position, not steals. Steals and blocks only record the gambles that came off; the ones that did not are in the other team’s points. The defence that holds is the shot that never went up, and no column on the box score counts it.

Do I watch the ball or my man?

Watch your man’s waist and keep the ball in the corner of your eye. Ball, eyes and shoulders can all lie to you; the waist cannot. Stand on the line between the two and neither one needs you to turn your head.

I am training defence for the first time: where do I start?

Stance and slides, until neither one needs thinking about. While you drill them, watch one thing: the hips stay at one height rather than bobbing with each step. The sets and seconds are on the training checklist, in the defence and rebounding block.

防守 · 从这里开始Defence · Start here

防守要做的 6 件事The 6 things defending asks of you

防守不是一个技能，是 6 件互相独立的事：脚下跟不跟得上、球不在你人手上时站哪儿、队友被过了补不补、对面跑一套战术具体怎么防、五个人一起用哪套体系，以及这些东西怎么练。下面每一件都写清它回答的问题，和本站回答它的那一页。Defence is not one skill. It is 6 separate ones: whether your feet keep up, where you stand when the ball is not on your man, whether you leave him to help, how a particular set is covered, which system the five play together, and how any of it gets trained. Each one below is written with the question it answers and the page on this site that answers it.

你丢的是哪一步？Which one are you losing?

挑一句最像你上一场的，直接跳到那一节。Pick the line that sounds most like your last game and jump to that section.

对方一个变向就从我旁边过去了One change of direction and he is past meDefensive footwork
球一转移，我就不知道该站哪儿The ball swings and I no longer know where to standPosition: ball, you, man
全队都收进禁区，底角空着一个人投三分We all sink to the lane and they shoot the corner threeHelp and rotations
对面一挡拆，我们两个人就乱They set one ball screen and the two of us fall apartCovering a specific play
五个人各守各的，从来没商量过整队怎么守Five of us guard five men and nobody has ever agreed on more than thatThe team’s system

先划一条线：防守人可以站在哪儿First, the line: where a defender is allowed to be

先占到位置的人不必让开：在对手起步之前双脚着地、正面对着他，那个位置就是合法的，此后横移或后退都不算犯规。手臂是同一条规则往上一维：留在自己身体那一圈垂直空间里向上伸不犯规，越过这条线去够球、去迎着人顶，才是犯规。这两句话决定了上面 6 件事各自允许做到哪一步。Get there first and you do not have to move: two feet down and facing him before he starts, and the position is legal, and sliding sideways or backwards out of it is not a foul. Arms are the same rule one dimension up: straight up inside your own cylinder is legal, reaching across it for the ball or leaning into him is not. Those two sentences bound what all 6 areas above are allowed to do.

规则图解：带球撞人还是阻挡Rules: charge or block 术语对照：卡位Glossary: box out

Defensive footwork

Also calleddefensive footwork · defensive slides · foot speed

对方要过我，我的脚该怎么动？He is trying to get past me: what do my feet do?

防守里唯一完全由你决定的部分。对手多快、多高、投得准不准你都改不了，脚下的姿势、第一步往哪儿迈、什么时候收步，全在你自己。8 种脚步各有它成立的场合，也各有一个把它做废的错误。The one part of defending that is entirely yours. You cannot change how fast he is, how tall he is or how well he shoots; the stance, the direction of the first step and the moment the feet stop are all yours. 8 moves, each with the situation it is for and the one mistake that wastes it.

Position: ball, you, man

Also calledball-you-man · off-ball defence · denial position

球不在我负责的人手上时，我站哪儿？The ball is not on my man: where do I stand?

身体停在球和你负责的人之间那条连线上，离球越远就越往禁区靠。同一个回合里的三种距离：贴防持球人、卡住传球线、退到禁区边，加上谁是最后一道防线、补防之后谁接替谁。Your body stays on the line between the ball and the man you are guarding, and the further the ball is from him, the closer you sink toward the lane. Three distances in one possession, plus who the last line is and who covers the defender who helped.

Help and rotations

Also calledhelp defence · rotations · help and recover

队友被过了，我该不该补？My team-mate got beaten: do I help?

补防的代价是把自己负责的人放空，所以「补不补」和「谁来补我的位置」永远是同一个问题。站位页按顺序写了这三件事：什么时候补、补完之后谁接替、以及什么时候干脆不该动。Helping costs you the man you left, so “should I help” is never a separate question from “who takes my man”. The positioning page works through it in that order: when to help, who takes the man you left, and when not to leave at all.

Covering a specific play

Also calledpick and roll coverage · switch · drop · ICE

对面跑一套战术，这一套具体怎么防？They run a set: how is that one defended?

这个问题没有通解，只有一套一套的答案。本站 27 篇战术指南每一篇都带一节「怎么防它」，一共 85 种防法，每一种都写清它拿走什么、又把什么让给你。其中被问得最多的挡拆，6 种防法单独有一页。This has no general answer, only one answer per action. Each of the 27 tactic guides carries a section on how it is defended, 85 coverages in all, each written as what it takes away and what it hands back in exchange. The ball screen, the one asked about most, has a page of its own for its 6.

The team’s system

Also calledzone defence · man-to-man · full-court press

五个人一起，用哪一套？All five together: which system?

前面几件都是一个人的事，这一件是开球前五个人要定下来的：换不换、收不收、夹不夹。7 套体系每套一张站位图，写清它拿走什么、让出什么、什么时候用。The others are one defender’s job; this one is settled by all five before the ball is live: whether you switch, sink or trap. 7 systems, each drawn as where the five stand, with what it takes, what it concedes and when to use it.

How to train it

Also calleddefensive drills · slide drill · shell drill

这些东西怎么练、练多少？How do I train this, and how much of it?

训练清单的防守与篮板那一块给的是数字：滑步、封抢步、卡位和四人 shell，每一项都带组数、时间和「练到什么程度算练成」的标准。The defence and rebounding block on the training checklist is where the numbers are: slides, closeouts, box-outs and the four-man shell, each with its sets, its time and the standard that says it is trained rather than attempted.

常见问题Common questions

篮球防守最重要的是什么？What matters most on defence?: 脚步和站位，不是抢断。抢断和盖帽只记录赌赢的那些回合，赌输的那些记在对方的得分里。真正稳的防守是对方压根没出手、没传出那一球，而这在统计表上一栏都看不到。Footwork and position, not steals. Steals and blocks only record the gambles that came off; the ones that did not are in the other team’s points. The defence that holds is the shot that never went up, and no column on the box score counts it.
防守的时候该看球还是看人？Do I watch the ball or my man?: 看你负责的那个人的腰，同时用余光把球留在视野里。球、眼睛和肩膀都可以骗你，腰不会。身体停在球和人的连线上，两边就都不用转头去找。Watch your man’s waist and keep the ball in the corner of your eye. Ball, eyes and shoulders can all lie to you; the waist cannot. Stand on the line between the two and neither one needs you to turn your head.
第一次认真练防守，从哪一步开始？I am training defence for the first time: where do I start?: 姿势和滑步，先把这两样练到不用想。练的时候只盯一件事：重心保持同一高度，不要一步一起伏。多少组、多少秒写在训练清单的防守与篮板那一块。Stance and slides, until neither one needs thinking about. While you drill them, watch one thing: the hips stay at one height rather than bobbing with each step. The sets and seconds are on the training checklist, in the defence and rebounding block.

防守脚步：8 种脚步怎么动、怎么错Defensive footwork: 8 moves, and the mistake in each

战术百科：27 套进攻战术，每套都带怎么防Tactics wiki: 27 plays, each with the coverages that beat it

你丢的是哪一步？ · Which one are you losing?

先划一条线：防守人可以站在哪儿 · First, the line: where a defender is allowed to be