Should a new team learn a zone or man-to-man first?

Man-to-man. A zone looks like less work, but every defender in it is reading the ball and two or three players at once, which is more to judge rather than less; and a defender who has never played man does not know where the help positions are, so every seam in the zone goes unfilled. Learn the ball-you-man line first.

How does a 2-3 zone handle the corner three?

It does not; it only limits it. As the ball reaches the wing, the bottom defender on that side slides half a step toward the corner while the top man on that side drops to the wing; when the ball does reach the corner, the bottom man closes out and the rim defender fills behind him. It is the hole built into every 2-3, and if they can hit it you change shape.

When do you call off a press?

After it has been beaten for two odd-man rushes in a row, or when a starting big picks up his third foul. A press trades energy and fouls for turnovers; the moment that trade stops paying, drop back into the half court.

防守 · 整队Defence · The team

防守体系：7 套，五个人站哪儿Team defences: 7 systems, and where the five stand

前面几页写的都是一个人的事。体系是五个人在开球前就要定下来的那件事：换不换、收不收、夹不夹。野球场上几乎从来没人说过，所以五个人各守各的。下面 7 套每套一张站位图，写清谁站哪儿、它拿走什么、让出什么、什么时候用，以及本站哪一页教你怎么打它。Everything before this page is one defender’s job. A system is the decision the five make before the ball is live: whether you switch, sink or trap. On a pickup court nobody ever says it out loud, so five people guard five men and nothing else is agreed. Each of the 7 below is drawn as where the five stand, with what it takes, what it concedes, when to use it, and which page on this site teaches how to beat it.

先选盯人，再谈别的Man-to-man first, then anything else

所有联防都是从盯人退回去的一步：脚步跟不上了退成区域，某个人守不住了退成四方一盯。一支没练过盯人的队去打联防，联防的每个缝隙都会变成没人补的空位。所以顺序是盯人、换防规则，然后才是联防和紧逼。Every zone is a step back from man-to-man: feet that cannot keep up become areas, one defender who cannot hold his man becomes a box-and-one. A team that has never learned man-to-man plays a zone as five seams nobody fills. So the order is man, then the switching rules, and only then zones and presses.

防守站位：球、我、人Positioning: ball, you, man 挡拆防守：换防和另外五种Pick and roll defence: switching and five others

蓝色 X：我方防守者Blue X: our defenders
红色数字：对方进攻球员Red number: their attackers
橙色圆点：球Orange dot: the ball

Man-to-man

Also calledman-to-man · man defence · matchup defence

谁站哪儿Who stands where每个人负责一个对手，跟着他走到哪儿守到哪儿；球不在你人手上时，按球、我、人那条线退到协防位。谁守谁在开球前定好，一般是身型对身型。Every defender owns one opponent and goes where he goes; when the ball is not on your man, you drop along the ball-you-man line into help. Matchups are set before the ball is live, usually size for size.

拿走什么What it takes责任清楚。每一分都能说出是谁丢的，所以它是唯一能逼每个人练好一对一的体系。Accountability. Every basket has a name on it, which makes this the only system that forces every defender to learn to guard a man.

让出什么What it concedes掩护。五个人各守各的，就要一次次绕过掩护，对手会用挡拆和无球掩护一整晚地考你的脚步和换防默契。Screens. Five defenders on five men have to fight through every one of them, and the offence will test your footwork and your switching rules all night with ball screens and off-ball screens.

什么时候用When it is used默认答案。五个人脚步都不差、没有明显的身高短板时用它；所有联防都是从盯人退回去的那一步。The default. Use it when your five can all move their feet and nobody is badly undersized; every zone is a step back from this one.

Switching man-to-man

Also calledswitch everything · switching defence · switch-all

谁站哪儿Who stands where还是盯人，但每一道掩护都直接换：守掩护人的接管持球人，守持球人的接管掩护人。谁被换到谁身上不重要，重要的是两个人同时喊出来。Still man-to-man, but every screen is switched: the screener’s defender takes the ball, the ball-handler’s defender takes the screener. Who ends up on whom matters less than both of them calling it at the same moment.

拿走什么What it takes掩护的全部效果。对手跑再多的掩护，你也从来不用绕，永远有一个人在球前面。Everything a screen is for. However many they run, nobody ever has to fight over one, and there is always a defender in front of the ball.

让出什么What it concedes错位。换完之后大个守外线、小个扛内线，对手下一次进攻一定是打这两个错位之一。The mismatch. After the switch a big is on a guard and a guard is on a big, and the next action will attack one of those two.

什么时候用When it is used五个人身高体型接近，谁换到谁身上都不吃亏。三个外线之间的换防几乎所有球队都能用，全换防只有整队都差不多高的队能用。Your five are close in size, so no switch creates a real mismatch. Switching among the three perimeter players is for almost everyone; switching everything is for teams built the same height all the way down.

2-3 zone

Also called2-3 zone · two-three zone

谁站哪儿Who stands where两个人在上面守弧顶和两侧，三个人在下面守两个底角和篮下。每个人守一块地方，球到哪儿那一块的人就出去，其余人向球收缩。Two up top covering the point and the wings, three across the bottom covering both corners and the rim. Everyone owns an area: the ball enters yours, you come out; everyone else shifts toward it.

拿走什么What it takes篮下和突破。禁区里永远站着三个人，任何冲进来的球都会撞上两个身体。The rim and the drive. There are always three bodies in the lane, and anything driven into it meets two of them.

让出什么What it concedes外线，尤其是底角三分和高位。两个上面的人守不住五个外线位置，球转移两次底角就空了。The perimeter, above all the corner three and the high post. Two defenders cannot cover five perimeter spots, and two swings leave a corner open.

什么时候用When it is used对手外线投不进而内线比你强，或者你的人明显跑不过他们的外线。也用来保护一个已经有犯规麻烦的大个。They cannot shoot from outside but are stronger inside, or your defenders are plainly slower than their perimeter players. Also for hiding a big who is in foul trouble.

3-2 zone

Also called3-2 zone · 1-2-2 zone

谁站哪儿Who stands where三个人在上面守弧顶和两侧，两个人在下面守两个底角和篮下。上面三人负责所有外线传球，下面两人一守篮下、一守球侧底角。Three across the top covering the point and both wings, two along the bottom covering the corners and the rim. The three up top handle every perimeter pass; below, one has the rim and one has the ball-side corner.

拿走什么What it takes外线出手，尤其是弧顶和两侧 45 度的三分。Perimeter shots, above all the three from the top and both wings.

让出什么What it concedes篮下和高位。只有两个人守内线，一记高位传球就能把整套阵形拉散。The rim and the high post. Two defenders inside is not enough, and one pass into the high post pulls the whole shape apart.

什么时候用When it is used对手是一支投三分的队而内线一般，或者你的人矮但快。They are a three-point team without much inside, or your defenders are small and quick.

1-3-1 zone

Also called1-3-1 zone · one-three-one

谁站哪儿Who stands where一个人在弧顶顶球，三个人横排在罚球线一带守两侧和高位，一个人在篮下来回跑守两个底角。所有传球都被赶向边线，然后在边线和底线的夹角夹击。One on the ball at the top, three in a line across the free-throw area covering both wings and the high post, one under the rim running corner to corner. Every pass is pushed to the sideline and then trapped in the corner the sideline and the baseline make.

拿走什么What it takes高位和中路。中间那三个人把禁区上方封死，对手很难把球送进高位再从那里做文章。The high post and the middle. The three across the middle close the top of the lane, and the offence struggles to get the ball in there and play from it.

让出什么What it concedes底角。底下那个人要同时守两个底角，跨场传球一到，他必然在错的那一边。The corners. The man along the baseline is asked to cover both, and the skip pass always finds him on the wrong side.

什么时候用When it is used你有一个又高又长、能一个人守两个底角的球员，而且想用夹击制造失误。You have one long, quick defender who can run the baseline alone, and you want turnovers from the traps.

Full-court press

Also calledfull-court press · 1-2-1-1 press · diamond press

谁站哪儿Who stands where从对方发球那一刻开始防守：一个人贴着发球人挡传球线，两个人在罚球线延长线两侧等第一次接球，一个人在中场，最后一个人留在后场当安全阀。球一接到，就近的两个人立刻夹击。Defend from the inbound: one defender on the inbounder taking the pass away, two waiting either side of the free-throw line extended for the first catch, one at half court, one back as the safety. The moment the ball is caught, the two nearest trap it.

拿走什么What it takes时间和从容。对手在八秒和夹击之间做决定，失误和仓促出手都是从这里来的。Time and composure. The offence decides under the eight-second count and inside a trap, which is where turnovers and rushed shots come from.

让出什么What it concedes一次长传就是一次多打少。夹击一破，后面只剩两个人守整个半场。One long pass and it is an odd-man rush the other way. Beat the trap and there are two defenders left for a whole half court.

什么时候用When it is used落后需要追分、对手的控球后卫处理球不稳，或者你的替补比对手深、能承受这种消耗。You are behind and need possessions, their ball-handler is shaky under pressure, or your bench is deeper than theirs and can afford the cost.

Box-and-one

Also calledbox-and-one · box and one · junk defence

谁站哪儿Who stands where四个人站成一个方框守区域，第五个人全场只盯对方最能得分的那一个，不管球在哪儿都跟着他。Four defenders in a box playing zone, and the fifth follows their best scorer everywhere, wherever the ball is.

拿走什么What it takes对方那个明星的空位。他每一次接球都有一个人贴着，方框还在背后等他。The star’s open looks. Every catch he makes has a man on it and a box waiting behind it.

让出什么What it concedes另外四个人的空位。方框守不满整个半场，明星传出去的球总有一个接球者是空的。The other four. A box does not cover a half court, and whoever the star passes to is usually open.

什么时候用When it is used对方一个人拿了一半的分，而其他四个人接到球不会惩罚你。这是一套用来对付一个人的防守，用在平衡的队伍上会被拆散。One player is scoring half their points and the other four will not punish you. It is a defence built for one man, and a balanced team takes it apart.

常见问题Common questions

新手球队先学联防还是盯人？Should a new team learn a zone or man-to-man first?: 盯人。联防看起来省力，其实每个人要同时看球和看两三个人，要判断的比盯人更多；而且没练过盯人的人不知道协防位置在哪儿，联防的每个缝隙都没人补。先把球、我、人一条线练熟，再谈联防。Man-to-man. A zone looks like less work, but every defender in it is reading the ball and two or three players at once, which is more to judge rather than less; and a defender who has never played man does not know where the help positions are, so every seam in the zone goes unfilled. Learn the ball-you-man line first.
2-3 联防怎么防底角三分？How does a 2-3 zone handle the corner three?: 防不住，只能减少。球到 45 度时，下面那一侧的人提前往底角挪半步，上面的人同时收进来守 45 度；球真到了底角，就由下面的人扑出去，篮下的人补他的位置。这是所有 2-3 的固有漏洞，对手底角准就换阵形。It does not; it only limits it. As the ball reaches the wing, the bottom defender on that side slides half a step toward the corner while the top man on that side drops to the wing; when the ball does reach the corner, the bottom man closes out and the rim defender fills behind him. It is the hole built into every 2-3, and if they can hit it you change shape.
全场紧逼什么时候该撤？When do you call off a press?: 被连续打穿两次多打少，或者主力大个吃到第三次犯规的时候。紧逼是用体力和犯规换失误，账一旦算不过来就立刻退回半场。After it has been beaten for two odd-man rushes in a row, or when a starting big picks up his third foul. A press trades energy and fouls for turnovers; the moment that trade stops paying, drop back into the half court.

回到防守入门：防守要做的 6 件事Back to defence: the 6 things it asks of you

先选盯人，再谈别的 · Man-to-man first, then anything else

这张图上还有 · Also on this diagram