掩护 · 8 种Screens · 8 kinds
掩护就是一名进攻球员站住位置，把队友的防守人挡在身后。挡在谁身上、朝哪个方向挡，决定了它叫什么名字，也决定了它想解决的问题。下面 8 种是这套战术库里出现的全部掩护形态，能点进详解的都标了出来。A screen is one offensive player standing still so a teammate's defender runs into them. Who the screen is set on, and which way it faces, is what gives it a name and what decides the problem it solves. These are the 8 shapes that appear in this playbook; the ones with a full guide are marked.
掩护人必须在接触发生前站定，双脚落地不动，并给移动中的防守人留出躲避的距离。挡出去、伸腿、用手推，都是进攻犯规。这一条写在 FIBA 规则第 33.7 条。The screener has to be set before contact, with both feet down and not moving, and has to leave a moving defender room to stop or change direction. Leaning out, sticking a leg across or shoving with the hands is an offensive foul. FIBA covers this in Art. 33.7.
看规则图解里的掩护判罚See how screens are called in the rules guide查词汇表里的「掩护」词条Read the glossary entry for screen
Also calledon-ball screen · pick
挡拆掩护是给持球人做的掩护：掩护人站到防守持球人的那名球员旁边把他挡住，持球人从掩护的另一侧突出去。A ball screen is set for the player holding the ball: the screener plants beside the on-ball defender so the handler can drive past on the other side.
什么时候用When it is used想给持球人一条突破路线或一次从容出手时用。防守选择换防、绕过还是挤过，决定了这一回合接下来是顺下、外弹还是分球。Used to give the ball-handler a lane or a clean look. Whether the defense switches, goes over or goes under is what decides if the play becomes a roll, a pop or a kick-out.
Also calledback pick
背掩护做在防守人的背后：掩护人挡住他的退路，被掩护的队友因此可以趁他背对切入路线时直接切向篮筐。A back screen is set behind a defender, blocking the way they would retreat, so the teammate being screened for can cut straight to the basket while that defender's back is to the cut.
什么时候用When it is used防守人正盯着球、背对着切入路线时最有效。UCLA 切入整套就是建立在这一道掩护上的。Most effective when the defender is watching the ball with their back to the cutting lane. The UCLA cut is built on one.
Also calleddown screen · pindown · screen down
下掩护朝端线方向做：掩护人从高位下沉去挡住防守人，位置更低的队友借这道掩护上提到侧翼或弧顶接球。pin down 和下掩护说的是同一个动作。A down screen is set toward the endline: the screener drops from up top to block the defender so a teammate below can come up to the wing or the top and catch it clean. A pin down is the same action under a different name.
什么时候用When it is used给射手创造接球投篮空间最常用的一种。球在弧顶或侧翼时，底线附近的人靠它上来拿球。The usual way to free a shooter for a catch. With the ball at the top or on the wing, the player near the baseline uses it to come and get the ball.
Also calledflare
外弹掩护的方向和常见掩护相反：接掩护的人不朝球跑，而是朝远离球的一侧弹出到外线空档。A flare screen faces the opposite way to most screens: the receiver does not cut toward the ball, they flare away from it into space on the perimeter.
什么时候用When it is used防守人抢到掩护的球侧、准备封死朝球那条路线时，往反方向弹出就是空位。When the defender jumps to the ball side of the screen to deny the usual cut, flaring the other way is open.
Also calledcross pick
横掩护横穿禁区做，通常在低位：一名球员横过来给另一名挡人，让队友换到自己想要的那一侧要位。A cross screen is set across the lane, usually low: one player screens across for a teammate, who uses it to seal on the side they want to receive on.
什么时候用When it is used想把内线换到弱侧要球、或者把防守人挡在身后不让他绕前时用。Used to move a post player to the side they want the ball on, or to leave a defender behind rather than in front.
Also calledscreen away · away screen
远离球掩护是传球之后不追球，转身去给另一侧的无球队友做掩护。Screening away means the passer does not follow the ball. They turn instead and set a screen for an off-ball teammate on the other side.
什么时候用When it is used传切进攻里最基本的一条连接：球往一边走，人往另一边动，防守没办法同时看住两处。The basic connector in motion offense: the ball goes one way and the players go the other, so the defense cannot watch both.
Also calledstagger · double stagger
连续双掩护是两名（或更多）掩护人前后排开，同一名队友接连借这两道掩护跑出来。A stagger is two screeners (or more) set one behind the other, with the same cutter using both in sequence.
什么时候用When it is used一道掩护挡不住的射手，就用两道。防守人挤过第一道，往往就赶不上第二道。For a shooter one screen cannot free. A defender who fights over the first is usually late to the second.
Also calledelevator doors · gate screen
电梯门掩护是两名掩护人先分开站，等队友从中间穿过的一瞬间并拢，像电梯门一样把追防的人关在门外。An elevator screen has two screeners stand apart and then close together the moment the cutter passes between them, shutting the chaser out like a lift door.
什么时候用When it is used专门用来甩开那种绕过一切掩护死缠不放的防守人。Built for the defender who chases through every screen rather than switching.