挡拆是两人之间的配合：一人为持球人做掩护，随即转身顺下切向篮筐，持球人借这道掩护突破。其余队员拉开，让协防不敢轻易收缩。 · A pick and roll is a two-player action: one player sets a ball screen for the ball-handler, then turns and cuts to the rim while the handler attacks off the screen. The other players space the floor so help cannot commit.
Also calledball screen · on-ball screen · PnR · screen and roll
先看整体，再逐步拆解 · See the whole action, then inspect each step
1234××××
1/4拉开站位，掩护人靠近 · Space and approach
静态战术图 · Static play diagram
挡拆战术图：四步跑位一图看完 · Pick & Roll diagram: all four steps on one board
按 4v4 站位绘制，与上方动画的默认人数一致。长按或右键即可保存，带到球场上讲。 · Drawn at 4v4, the same format the animation above opens on. Save it and bring it to the court.
1进攻球员，按 1 到 4 号编号 · Offense, numbered 1 to 4
×防守球员 · Defenders
跑动或运球路线 · Cut or drive
传球路线 · Pass
掩护，短横是掩护面 · Screen, the bar is the screener’s face
跑法总览 · Action overview
先看挡拆如何完整运转 · See how the Pick & Roll flows end to end
掩护人跑向持球人的防守者一侧，双脚站定形成合法掩护；持球人贴着掩护人肩膀运球通过，迫使两名防守者同时应对。掩护完成后掩护人立即转身向篮下顺下，持球人根据补防选择上篮、传给顺下人或分给外线空位。 · The screener sprints to the on-ball defender and sets a stationary screen; the handler drives shoulder-to-shoulder off it, forcing two defenders to commit. After contact the screener opens up and rolls hard to the rim while the handler reads the help: finish, hit the roller, or kick out.
战术意图 · Tactical intent
挡拆要解决什么问题？ · What problem does the Pick & Roll solve?
迫使两名防守者同时照顾球和顺下人，制造短暂二打一。 · Force two defenders to guard the ball and roller at once.
四步跑法 · Four-step walkthrough
怎么跑挡拆？ · How do you run the Pick & Roll?
1
拉开站位，掩护人靠近 · Space and approach
2
双脚站稳，持球人贴肩通过 · Set feet and use the screen tightly
3
持球人攻框，掩护人顺下 · Drive while the screener rolls
4
读补防：上篮、顺下或分球 · Read: finish, roll pass, or kick-out
教练口令 · Coaching cues
跑挡拆时队友只需要记住什么？ · What should players remember in the Pick & Roll?
肩贴肩，不给防守穿过 · Shoulder to shoulder, no gap for the defender
先站稳，再顺下 · Set the screen first, then roll
弱侧保持宽度 · Keep weak-side width
执行细节 · Execution details
挡拆最容易跑错在哪里？ · Where does the Pick & Roll usually break down?
掩护人仍在移动，形成非法掩护风险 · The screener is still moving at contact
持球人离掩护太远，让防守从缝隙穿过 · The handler leaves space instead of brushing the screen
训练方法 · Practice method
训练中怎么练熟挡拆？ · How should a team practice the Pick & Roll?
2v2 挡拆阅读：固定练习追防、换防与绕下三种防守。 · 2v2 ball-screen reads against chase, switch, and under coverage.
人数变形 · Format variations
挡拆在 3v3、4v4、5v5 怎么调整？ · How does the Pick & Roll change in 3v3, 4v4 and 5v5?
3v3
双人挡拆 + 一侧拉开 · Two-player PnR + one-side spacing
4v4
挡拆 + 双底角 · PnR + two corners
5v5
高位挡拆 + 三人弱侧 · High PnR + three-player weak side
4v4 备战变化 · 4v4 variations for game prep
Wing PnR, two corners
在侧翼发动挡拆，两名射手钉在底角，禁区完全清空，顺下路线最干净。 · Screen on the wing with both shooters pinned in the corners, so the lane stays empty for the roller.
High PnR at the top
掩护设在弧顶，持球人可选任意一侧突破，弱侧射手随突破方向漂移。 · Screen at the top so the handler can attack either side; shooters drift with the drive.
Re-screen
防守绕过或换防后，掩护人立即调整角度做第二次掩护，反向攻击。 · If the defense goes under or switches, the screener flips the angle and re-screens the other way.
动作本质 · What the action creates
挡拆真正制造的是什么？ · What is a pick and roll actually trying to create?
挡拆不是让掩护人把防守者撞开，而是让持球人一次面对两名防守者。掩护人站定后，持球人贴着掩护肩膀通过，自己的防守者必须绕路，掩护人的防守者则要同时顾篮筐和顺下。两个人只要有一瞬间都盯着球，顺下路线或外线空位就会出现。 · A pick and roll is not about the screener knocking a defender away. It makes the ball handler occupy two defenders at once. When the handler comes shoulder-to-shoulder off a stationary screen, the on-ball defender has to take a longer route and the screener's defender has to protect both the rim and the roll. The moment both defenders watch the ball, either the roller or a perimeter teammate is free.
所以判断一次挡拆好不好，不只看持球人有没有突破。它的最低标准是迫使两名防守者作出选择。防守没有改变站位，通常说明掩护角度不对，或者持球人离掩护太远；防守一旦收缩，球就该在优势消失前传出去。 · That is why a good ball screen is not measured only by whether the handler turns the corner. Its minimum job is to force two defenders into a choice. If neither defender changes position, the angle was probably wrong or the handler left a gap. Once the defense does collapse, the ball has to move before the advantage disappears.
两人配合 · Two-player reads
持球人和掩护人各自要看什么？ · What do the handler and screener each read?
持球人先看自己的防守者，再看掩护人的防守者。前者决定从哪一侧过，后者决定投、突还是传。最常见的错误是运球过早加速，头低下来以后只剩一条突破路线。好的持球人会先把防守带到掩护上，再用变速穿过，并在第二名防守者出现时抬头。 · The handler reads the on-ball defender first and the screener's defender second. The first decides which shoulder to attack; the second decides shot, drive or pass. The common mistake is accelerating too early and putting the head down. A good handler walks the defender into the screen, changes pace through it and looks up as the second defender arrives.
掩护人的工作也不止是顺下。防守沉退时可以顺到篮下；两人夹球时可以停在罚球线短顺下；防守收缩而自己能投时可以外弹；对手准备换防时还可以提前 slip。路线由防守决定，不是每次完成接触后都机械地冲向篮筐。 · The screener is not required to roll every time. Roll when the big steps up, short-roll when two defenders trap the ball, pop when the paint is packed and the screener can shoot, and slip before contact when the defense prepares to switch. The coverage chooses the route; the diagram is only the starting point.
空间与时机 · Spacing and timing
为什么一次好挡拆也可能跑不出机会？ · Why can a well-run pick and roll still create nothing?
挡拆需要另外三个人把帮助防守拉开。两侧都站在禁区附近，顺下人即使摆脱自己的防守者，也会迎面撞上协防。最简单的空间是弱侧底角有人、同侧底角有人、第三人站在弧顶或弱侧侧翼，让每一次收缩都要放掉一记传球。 · The other three players must pull help away. If two teammates stand near the lane, the roller may beat the first defender and still run into two helpers. A simple shape puts one teammate in each corner and the third at the top or weak-side wing, so every collapse concedes a clear pass.
时机同样重要。掩护人太早站住，防守有时间喊出覆盖；太晚到位，持球人只能原地等。让掩护人从底线或肘区跑进掩护，让持球人在最后两步才改变速度，通常比把两个人提前摆在一起更难防。 · Timing matters just as much. A screener waiting too early gives the defense time to call its coverage; arriving late leaves the handler standing still. Bringing the screener up from the baseline or elbow and changing the handler's pace only in the final two steps is harder to read than parking both players together.
常见变化 · Four routes
顺下、短顺下、外弹和 slip 怎么选？ · When should the screener roll, short-roll, pop or slip?
四条路线从同一次持球掩护开始，区别只在防守把空间留在哪里。 · All four begin with the same ball screen. The defense decides where the available space appears.
顺下 · Roll
掩护人的防守者上提或转身追球时，立刻打开身体冲向篮筐。它利用的是防守人离开篮下后的身后空间。 · When the screener's defender steps toward the ball, open to the passer and run straight to the rim through the space left behind.
短顺下 · Short roll
对方两人夹击持球人时，掩护人停在罚球线附近接球，形成四打三，再看篮下、底角和弱侧。 · When two defenders trap the handler, stop around the foul line, catch in the four-on-three and read the rim, corner and weak side.
外弹 · Screen and pop
防守人沉在禁区保护篮筐，而掩护人有稳定投篮时，掩护完成后退到外线，把内线防守人拉出舒适区。 · When the big stays deep to protect the paint and the screener can shoot, retreat to the perimeter and pull that defender outside.
Slip · Slip
防守提前换防或夹击时，掩护人在接触前直接切入。它惩罚的是防守预判，而不是掩护本身。 · When the defense shows an early switch or trap, leave before contact and cut to the rim. The slip punishes anticipation rather than the coverage itself.
防守怎么守 · How it is guarded
怎么防守挡拆？ · How do you defend the Pick & Roll?
每一种守法都要放弃一点东西，问题只是放弃哪一点。下面是常见的几种，以及它们各自留下的口子。 · Every coverage gives something up; the only question is what. These are the common ones and the opening each of them leaves.
沉退 · Drop
掩护人的防守者退到掩护后方守住篮筐，持球人的防守者从掩护上方追过去。两个人一前一后，把突破路线夹在中间。 · The screener's defender drops below the screen to protect the rim while the on-ball defender chases over the top, so the drive has to travel between them.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 让出的是掩护后那一步的投篮。持球人绕过掩护直接起跳，是这套防守最便宜的破法；如果沉退的内线为了封这一球提前上来，顺下人身后就空了，直接吊传篮下。 · What it concedes is the shot right off the screen. The handler pulls up as soon as they clear it, and if the dropping big steps up to contest that shot, the space behind him belongs to the roller — throw it over the top.
换防 · Switch
两名防守者在掩护接触时交换对位，谁也不追、不绕，掩护当场作废。 · The two defenders trade assignments at the moment of contact. Nobody chases and nobody recovers, so the screen buys nothing.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 换出来的是错位。大个换到持球人身上就直接把他打起来，小个换到掩护人身上就立刻要位低位。两种错位都要在防守收缩之前用掉。 · It hands the offence a mismatch. Attack the big off the dribble, or seal the small defender on the block immediately — either one has to be used before the rest of the defence sinks in.
上提夹击 · Blitz
掩护人的防守者跨出到掩护外侧，两个人同时压住持球人，逼他把球传出来。 · The screener's defender steps out beyond the screen and both defenders pressure the ball, forcing it out of the handler's hands.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 球一出手，场上就是四打三。顺下人接球后不要急着上篮，先看弱侧底角——补防最后一个人一定来自那里。 · The moment the pass is out it is four against three. The roller should catch and look weak side before finishing, because the last help defender always comes from that corner.
上提回追 · HedgeSHOW
掩护人的防守者短暂跨出去挡一下持球人的去路，等队友追上来之后马上退回自己人身边。它比夹击轻，只想拖慢这一步，不想把球逼出来。 · The screener's defender steps out briefly to slow the handler down, then recovers to his own man as soon as the chaser catches up. It is a lighter coverage than a blitz: it wants to delay the drive, not to force the ball out.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 他跨出去再退回来的这段路是有代价的。顺下人不等他退到位就贴着他往篮下走，两个人抢同一块地方，通常是掩护人先到。持球人只要把节奏压慢半拍，等这条路线出现。 · The trip out and back costs him. The screener rolls hard before he can recover, and the two of them are racing for the same ground with the screener a step ahead. The handler's job is to slow half a beat and wait for that lane to appear.
从掩护下方绕过 · Go under
持球人的防守者从掩护里侧钻过去回到前面，宁可让出一记三分也不让人突进禁区。防守不会投的持球人时，这是最省力的一种守法。 · The on-ball defender ducks inside the screen to get back in front, giving up a three rather than a drive. Against a handler who cannot shoot it is the cheapest coverage there is.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 会投三分的持球人直接惩罚它——这是全场最容易得到的一次空位出手。不投的持球人则立刻再做一次掩护，逼防守者做第二次选择。 · A handler who can shoot punishes it immediately; it is the easiest open look the defence hands out all night. A handler who cannot re-screens at once and makes the same defender choose again.
侧压 · Ice or downICE
持球人的防守者提前跨到掩护和球之间，逼持球人沿边线往底线走，等于拒绝使用这次掩护。 · The on-ball defender jumps between the ball and the screen and forces the handler down the sideline, refusing the screen altogether.
进攻怎么打： · What beats it: 掩护人不做掩护了，改成往外弹或往肘区滑动接球，因为防守他的人还沉在篮下。也可以直接把球转移到弱侧再从另一侧重做。 · The screener stops screening and slips to the elbow or pops instead, because their own defender is still sunk toward the rim. Reversing the ball and re-running it on the other side works just as well.
容易混淆的动作 · Often confused with
挡拆和哪些动作容易混？ · What is the Pick & Roll often confused with?
下面这些动作和它长得像，但解决的问题不同。每一条只说那个决定性的区别。 · These look like it and solve a different problem. Each entry names the one difference that decides which is which.
同一次掩护，掩护人之后走的方向相反。顺下是攻击篮筐，逼防守收缩；外弹是拉开到投篮位置，惩罚已经收缩的防守。挑哪一个不看战术，看掩护人会不会投。 · Same screen, opposite second move. The roll attacks the rim and forces the defence to collapse; the pop spaces out and punishes a defence that already has. Which one you run is decided by whether the screener can shoot, not by the play.
挡拆里球始终在同一个人手上，掩护是给运球的人做的；手递手里球在掩护发生的那一刻换了手。防守读的东西也因此不同：挡拆防的是运球线，手递手防的是交球那一下。 · In a ball screen the ball never changes hands and the screen is set for the dribbler. In a handoff the ball changes hands at the moment of the screen. Defences read them differently for that reason: one guards the drive, the other guards the exchange.
