WolfUp Basketball Playbook

TACTIC 13 · 3v3 / 4v4 / 5v5

Spain Pick & Roll

什么是西班牙挡拆？What is a Spain Pick & Roll?

第三名队员在挡拆发生时，反向掩护顺下人的防守者，再外弹接球。A third player back-screens the roller’s defender during the pick-and-roll, then pops out.

Also calledSpain PnR · stack pick and roll · Spanish pick and roll · back screen the roller

Terms used hereScreen

难度Difficulty
5/5
适用人数Formats
3v3 · 4v4 · 5v5

连续分步动画Continuous step animation

先看整体，再逐步拆解See the whole action, then inspect each step

1/4 三人形成中路挡拆站位Set the middle three-player shape

静态战术图Static play diagram

西班牙挡拆战术图：四步跑位一图看完Spain Pick & Roll diagram: all four steps on one board

Spain Pick & Roll basketball play diagram: four steps of the 4v4 action, offense numbered 1 to 4, defenders marked ×.
按 4v4 站位绘制，与上方动画的默认人数一致。长按或右键即可保存，带到球场上讲。Drawn at 4v4, the same format the animation above opens on. Save it and bring it to the court.

跑法总览Action overview

先看西班牙挡拆如何完整运转See how the Spain Pick & Roll flows end to end

中路挡拆发生的同时，第三名队员（通常是射手）埋伏在罚球线附近，对顺下人的防守者做背掩护，然后立即外弹到弧顶。防守必须同时处理持球突破、无人盯防的顺下和外弹三分三重威胁。While a middle ball screen unfolds, a third player lurking near the foul line back-screens the roller's defender, then immediately pops to the top. The defense must handle the drive, the freed roller, and the popping shooter all at once.

战术意图Tactical intent

西班牙挡拆要解决什么问题？What problem does the Spain Pick & Roll solve?

持球、顺下、外弹三个威胁同时出现，防守只要少喊一句就漏人。Handler, roller and popping screener at once: one missed call and someone is open.

四步跑法Four-step walkthrough

怎么跑西班牙挡拆？How do you run the Spain Pick & Roll?

  1. 1

    三人形成中路挡拆站位Set the middle three-player shape

  2. 2

    持球人与掩护人启动Start the ball screen

  3. 3

    第三人背掩护顺下人的防守Third player back-screens the roller’s defender

  4. 4

    顺下攻框，第三人外弹Roller dives; back-screener pops

教练口令Coaching cues

跑西班牙挡拆时队友只需要记住什么？What should players remember in the Spain Pick & Roll?

  • 第三人等挡拆开始再行动Third player waits for the screen to start
  • 背掩护后立刻外弹Pop out right after the back screen
  • 持球人先看篮下Handler looks rim-first

执行细节Execution details

西班牙挡拆最容易跑错在哪里？Where does the Spain Pick & Roll usually break down?

  • 第三人过早背掩护，防守提前沟通换防The back-screener leaves too early
  • 背掩护后停在禁区，没有迅速外弹The back-screener remains in the lane instead of popping

训练方法Practice method

训练中怎么练熟西班牙挡拆？How should a team practice the Spain Pick & Roll?

3v3 中路 Spain，只保留持球人、顺下人和背掩护人，逐种防守覆盖练习。3v3 middle Spain against one coverage at a time before adding spacers.

人数变形Format variations

西班牙挡拆在 3v3、4v4、5v5 怎么调整？How does the Spain Pick & Roll change in 3v3, 4v4 and 5v5?

3v3
Spain 核心三人Core three-player Spain PnR
4v4
Spain + 单侧拉开Spain PnR + one-side spacing
5v5
Spain + 双侧拉开Spain PnR + two-side spacing

4v4 备战变化4v4 variations for game prep

  • Spain with one spacer

    核心三人打西班牙挡拆，第四人钉在远端底角拉开协防。The core trio runs Spain while the fourth player pins the far corner.

  • Stack pop fake

    背掩护人虚晃一下立即外弹，惩罚提前沟通换防的防守。The back-screener fakes the screen and pops immediately, punishing pre-switch communication.

第三个人The third player

Spain 挡拆比普通挡拆多了什么？What does Spain pick and roll add to a normal ball screen?

普通挡拆只有持球人和掩护人。Spain 挡拆加入第三名进攻球员：当掩护人向篮下顺下时，第三人给负责保护篮筐的防守者做一道背掩护，然后通常外弹到三分线。防守必须同时处理球、顺下和外弹三个方向。A normal pick and roll uses a handler and screener. Spain adds a third attacker: as the screener rolls, that player back-screens the defender responsible for protecting the rim, then usually pops to the three-point line. The defense has to cover the ball, the roll and the pop at the same time.

这个动作经常被称为 Spain，是因为西班牙国家队让它在国际比赛中广为人知。名字指的是这个三人组合，不是某一种固定阵型；它可以从 Horns、五外站位、转换进攻或边线发球后进入。The action is commonly called Spain because the Spanish national team helped popularize it in international play. The name describes this three-player sequence, not one required alignment. It can start from Horns, five-out spacing, transition or an inbounds entry.

Offensive teammateDefenderFocus of this diagram

时机顺序Order and timing

三个人怎样避免跑到同一个位置？How do three players avoid running into the same space?

第一道掩护必须先发生。持球人贴肩通过，掩护人开始顺下，第三人才从防守者视线背后设背掩护。如果第三人太早到位，防守会提前换防；太晚，保护篮筐的人已经退到篮下，背掩护就失去角度。The first screen has to happen first. The handler comes off the shoulder, the screener begins the roll, and only then does the third player arrive behind the rim protector. If the back screen arrives early, the defense can switch in advance; if it arrives late, the big has already retreated below the useful angle.

背掩护完成后，第三人不能留在禁区。通常要立刻外弹，让帮助防守面临第二次选择。顺下人则保持直线冲篮筐，不要为了躲开队友横着跑；三条路线分别指向篮筐、外线和持球突破，空间才真正分开。After contact, the back-screener cannot remain in the lane. The usual exit is a pop to the perimeter, forcing the helper into a second decision. The roller stays on a direct line to the rim rather than drifting around a teammate. The three routes must separate toward rim, perimeter and dribble penetration.

为什么难守Why the coverage breaks

Spain 挡拆让防守最难沟通的是什么？What makes Spain pick and roll so difficult to communicate?

防守普通挡拆时，两名球员可以事先约定沉退、换防或夹击。Spain 加入背掩护后，第三名防守者也必须在一秒内加入沟通：是换给顺下人、跟外弹的人，还是先保护篮筐再回去。只要其中一人使用不同答案，就会漏掉一条路线。Against an ordinary ball screen, two defenders can agree on drop, switch or trap. The back screen forces a third defender into the call: switch onto the roller, stay with the popping player, or protect the rim before recovering. If even one defender uses a different answer, one route opens.

进攻不需要预先决定最后一传。持球人先看篮筐和顺下，再看背掩护人外弹；弱侧防守收缩，最后才分到底角。把它教成固定传球顺序会让球员错过最早出现的机会，教成由近到远的阅读才容易稳定执行。The offense should not preselect the final pass. The handler reads rim and roller first, the back-screener's pop second, and the weak-side corner only when help collapses. Teaching a fixed passing order hides the first advantage; teaching a near-to-far read makes the action repeatable.

常见变化Four routes

Spain 挡拆的第三人可以往哪里走？Where can the third player go after the back screen?

背掩护是共同起点，离开掩护后的路线决定防守要付什么代价。The back screen stays constant. The exit route decides which recovery the defense must make.

外弹到弧顶Pop to the top
标准版本。背掩护后回到外线，惩罚保护篮筐后无法及时回防的人。The standard version. Return to the perimeter after the back screen and punish the rim protector who cannot recover in time.
外弹到底角Pop to the corner
弧顶已有队友时，第三人可以转向底角，把中路留给持球人和顺下人。When the top is occupied, exit toward the corner and keep the middle open for the handler and roller.
Slip 背掩护Slip the back screen
防守提前换防时，第三人不完成接触，直接切向篮下，让两名换防者同时失去目标。Against an early switch, leave before contact and cut to the rim so both switching defenders lose their original assignment.
重做手递手Flow into a handoff
第一波被守住后，外弹的第三人接球，顺势与持球人或另一侧队友做手递手，不必重新落位。If the first action is contained, catch on the pop and move directly into a handoff with the handler or a weak-side teammate instead of resetting.

防守怎么守How it is guarded

怎么防守西班牙挡拆？How do you defend the Spain Pick & Roll?

每一种守法都要放弃一点东西，问题只是放弃哪一点。下面是常见的几种，以及它们各自留下的口子。Every coverage gives something up; the only question is what. These are the common ones and the opening each of them leaves.

换掉背掩护Switch the back screenSWITCH

顺下人的防守者和被背掩护的那名防守者交换对位，让第三个人的掩护失效。The roller's defender and the back screener's defender trade, so the third player's screen accomplishes nothing.

进攻怎么打：What beats it: 换防的人要从外线一路跟着顺下人往篮下跑，几乎必然落后半个身位。持球人这时把球高高吊进去就行。The switching defender has to run to the rim from the perimeter and is half a step behind for all of it. The handler simply throws it high.

三人守两人Three on the ball

防守直接放掉外弹的那名掩护人，用三个人处理持球和顺下。The defence abandons the popping screener and uses three bodies on the ball and the roller.

进攻怎么打：What beats it: 放掉的人就是答案。西班牙挡拆的第三个威胁本来就是外弹接球投篮，防守放弃他等于替进攻做了选择。The player they leave is the answer. The third threat in this action is the screener popping for a shot, and a defence that ignores it has chosen the offence's option for it.

顺下人防守者提前上提The big jumps out early

内线防守者在背掩护形成之前就跨出去处理持球人，避开被掩护的位置。The big steps out to the ball before the back screen can land, avoiding the spot where it would arrive.

进攻怎么打：What beats it: 他跨出去，篮下就没人。顺下人不等掩护，直接下顺；做背掩护的人则改为下顺跟进，两个人同时攻篮筐。Stepping out empties the rim. The roller stops waiting for the screen and dives immediately, while the back screener slips in behind, attacking the basket two at a time.

容易混淆的动作Often confused with

西班牙挡拆和哪些动作容易混？What is the Spain Pick & Roll often confused with?

下面这些动作和它长得像，但解决的问题不同。每一条只说那个决定性的区别。These look like it and solve a different problem. Each entry names the one difference that decides which is which.

西班牙挡拆 vs 挡拆Spain Pick & Roll vs Pick & Roll

西班牙挡拆就是挡拆加一个人。多出来的第三人在顺下发生的同时，背掩护顺下人的防守者，再外弹到外线。于是持球、顺下、外弹三个威胁同时出现，而普通挡拆只有前两个。Spain is a ball screen plus one player. The extra man back-screens the roller's defender as the roll begins, then pops. Three threats appear at once — ball, roll and pop — where an ordinary ball screen carries only the first two.

相关战术Related tactics