什麼時候該協防，什麼時候該守住自己的人？

看兩件事：突破的人到沒到禁區，以及你負責的人在不在底角。已經進禁區了就必須有人上；還沒進就別提前動。你的人是底角射手時，把這次協防讓給離得更近的那個人。

一傳之遙要貼到什麼程度？

看這條傳球線通向哪兒。通向籃下就貼緊，一隻手插進傳球線；只是外線之間的一次轉移，就退半步，站到能同時看見球和人的地方。把場上每一條傳球線都封死，等於把所有協防位置一起放棄。

輪轉之後對位全亂了怎麼辦？

先守住球，再在下一次死球或者球權轉換的時候對回來。輪轉之後所有人都換了人是正常的；搶著換回原來的對位，反而會在那兩秒裡把籃下讓出去。

防守 · 站位與協防Defence · Position and help

防守站位：球不在你人手上時，站哪兒Where to stand when the ball is not on your man

被過掉的回合裡，有一半在球到你面前之前就已經輸了：站錯了地方。這一頁把球、我、人這條線拆成 6 個位置，每個寫清身體站哪兒、眼睛看哪兒、以及那一個把它做廢的習慣。Half the possessions you lose were lost before the ball ever reached you: you were standing in the wrong place. This page takes the ball-you-man line apart into 6 positions, each with where the body goes, what the eyes are on, and the one habit that undoes it.

整頁只有一條線：球、我、人One line runs through the page: ball, you, man

你的身體永遠落在球和你負責的人之間的那條連線上。離球越遠，你就沿著這條線越往籃筐那一端靠。同一個原則，在三種距離上長成三個樣子。下面這張圖畫的就是同一個回合裡的這三種距離。Your body stays on the line between the ball and the man you are guarding, and the further the ball is from him, the further along that line you sit toward the rim. One principle, growing into three different shapes at three distances. The figure shows all three inside a single possession.

這兩張圖和場上速查用的是同一張，顏色詞彙也一樣：紅色是進攻方，藍色是防守方。Both drawings are the cheat sheet’s own, in its colour vocabulary: red is the offence, blue is the defence.

同一個回合裡三種防守距離：貼防持球人、卡住傳球線、退到禁區邊協防Three defensive distances in one possession: pressure the ball, deny the pass, sink towards the lane

這張圖上還有Also on this diagram

防持球人：一臂到一臂半On the ball: one arm to one and a half arms away
一傳之遙：身體側對，一隻手伸進傳球線One pass away: body side-on, one hand in the passing lane
兩傳之遙：撤到禁區邊，球和人同時在視野裡Two passes away: sink to the lane, ball and man both in view
灰色虛線是球到人的連線，防守人就站在這條線上The grey dashes are the ball-to-man line, and the defender stands on it

貼防持球人On the ball

一臂到一臂半，身體略偏向你要逼他去的那一側：通常是邊線或底線，別讓他從中路直接殺進禁區。他能投就再近半步，他運球猛就退半步。An arm to an arm and a half away, with the body angled to the side you want him to go: usually the sideline or the baseline, never a straight line through the middle. Half a step closer if he can shoot, half a step back if he drives hard.

看哪兒What to watch看腰。球、眼睛和肩膀都能騙你，腰去哪兒，人就去哪兒。The waist. The ball, the eyes and the shoulders can all lie to you; where the waist goes, he goes.

常見錯誤Common mistake伸手掏球。手一伸重心就跟著偏，而他等的正是那一下。Reaching in. The moment the hand goes the weight goes with it, and that is the moment he is waiting for.

一傳之遙：卡住傳球線One pass away: in the lane

站在他和球的連線上，身體側對著兩邊，一隻手伸進傳球線，另一隻手和視野留給球。這條傳球線越通向籃下，貼得越緊。On the line between him and the ball, body turned side-on to both, one hand in the passing lane and the other hand and your vision left for the ball. The closer that pass would land to the rim, the tighter you play it.

看哪兒What to watch球和人各佔半個視野，頭不要來回轉。轉一次頭，他就從你背後走了。Half your field of vision on each, without turning your head. Turn it once and he is behind you.

常見錯誤Common mistake整個人貼到他身上、背對著球。反跑就是這麼成的。Getting so tight that your back is to the ball. That is precisely what a backdoor cut is for.

兩傳之遙：退進協防位Two passes away: in help

撤到禁區邊，站進球和你負責的人圍出的那個三角裡，胸口朝著場地中間。球離他越遠，你站得越靠裡。Off toward the edge of the lane, inside the triangle the ball and your man make, chest open to the middle of the floor. The further the ball is from him, the deeper you sit.

看哪兒What to watch球和人同時留在餘光裡，身體保持開放，不要背對其中任何一邊。Ball and man both in the corner of your eye, body open, back to neither of them.

常見錯誤Common mistake只盯著自己負責的人，等到突破已經進了禁區，才發現該上去的是你。Watching only your own man, and finding out the drive was yours to stop after it is already in the lane.

最後一道防線The last line

弱側最靠近底線的那個人是最後一道防線：突破一旦進禁區，第一個上去的是他，不是離球最近的那個。哪一側算弱側隨每一次傳球改變，所以這個身份也跟著換人。The weak-side defender nearest the baseline is the last line: when a drive gets into the lane he is the one who steps up, not whoever is closest to the ball. Which side is weak changes with every pass, so the job changes hands with it.

看哪兒What to watch盯球到籃筐的那條線。它一被打開，就輪到你了。The line from the ball to the rim. The moment it opens, it is your turn.

常見錯誤Common mistake兩個人同時上去補。籃下反而更空，而且兩個人負責的人都空了。Two defenders stepping up at once. It empties the rim anyway, and now two men are open instead of one.

補防之後誰補誰Who covers the helper

上去補的那個人留下的空位，由下一個人接替，通常是交叉著補：底角的人補進內線，弱側頂端的人下來補底角。補位順序要在開球之前就說清楚，不是在場上現商量。Whoever steps up leaves a man, and the next defender takes him, usually crossing as they go: the corner takes the man inside, the top of the weak side drops to the corner. That order is agreed before the game rather than argued about during it.

看哪兒What to watch看球的下一次傳球，不是看你剛放掉的那個人。輪轉永遠追著球走。The ball’s next pass, not the man you have just left. Rotations chase the ball.

常見錯誤Common mistake補完之後站著不動，等於場上少一個人。輪轉是連鎖的，最後一個人也得動。Helping and then standing still, which is playing a man short. A rotation is a chain, and the last man in it moves too.

什麼時候不該補When not to help

你負責的人正在底角、而且他會投，那就別離開半步：一次協防換來一記空位三分，是這一頁裡最虧的交易。突破的路已經被人擋住，或者進來的是不擅長終結的人時，同理。Your man is in the corner and he can shoot: do not leave him. One help that concedes an open corner three is the worst trade on this page. The same holds when the drive is already walled off, or when the man driving cannot finish anyway.

看哪兒What to watch先看清你身後底角站著誰，再決定要不要收進來。Check who is standing in the corner behind you before you sink.

常見錯誤Common mistake所有人都往球那邊收，弱側底角空著一個射手。這是野球場上最常見的丟分方式。Everybody sinking toward the ball with a shooter alone in the weak-side corner. It is the most common way a pickup team gives points away.

補防之後，場上就少了一個人After the help, you are a man short

協防從來不是一個人的動作，是三個人的：上去的那個、接替他的那個、以及最後被留在某處的那個空位。下面這張圖畫的是一次底線突破引發的輪轉順序，藍色編號就是這個順序。Help is never one defender’s action but three: the one who steps up, the one who takes his man, and the gap that ends up somewhere. The figure shows the order a baseline drive sets off, and the blue numbers are that order.

場上速查：協防與輪轉Cheat sheet: help and rotate

一次底線突破引發的三步輪轉：誰補、誰頂上、被過掉的人去哪兒One baseline drive, three rotations: who helps, who covers behind, and where the beaten defender goes

這張圖上還有Also on this diagram

紅色虛線是沿底線突破的持球人，輪轉就是被他逼出來的The red dashes are the drive along the baseline, and it is what forces the rotation
離籃下最近的弱側防守人上前擋住上籃The nearest weak-side defender steps up and takes the layup away
他身後的人補上他留下的位置The defender behind them covers the player they just left
被過掉的人不追球，直接補最後那個空位The beaten defender does not chase the ball; they fill the last empty spot

場上要用的那一版在速查頁The version you use on the floor is on the cheat sheet

這一頁是解釋：為什麼是那個人上去補、補完之後誰接替、什麼時候乾脆不補。上場前十秒鐘要看的三條一句話版本，在場上速查頁，那裡的卡片可以直接照著做。This page is the explanation: why that defender is the one who steps up, who takes his man afterwards, and when not to help at all. The one-line version, the one worth reading in the ten seconds before a possession, is on the cheat sheet, where the cards are made to be acted on.

場上速查：盯球還是盯人Cheat sheet: ball, you, man

站對了，還得跟得上Standing right, then staying with him

站位決定你在不在正確的位置上，腳步決定你到位之後還留不留得住。封搶步、滑步、後撤步寫在防守腳步頁。Position decides whether you are in the right place; footwork decides whether you are still there a second later. The closeout, the slide and the retreat step are on the footwork page.

防守腳步：8 種腳步Defensive footwork: 8 moves

常見問題Common questions

什麼時候該協防，什麼時候該守住自己的人？When should I help, and when should I stay with my man?: 看兩件事：突破的人到沒到禁區，以及你負責的人在不在底角。已經進禁區了就必須有人上；還沒進就別提前動。你的人是底角射手時，把這次協防讓給離得更近的那個人。Two things decide it: whether the drive has reached the lane, and whether your man is in the corner. Once it is in the lane somebody has to step up; before that, do not move early. If your man is a corner shooter, leave the help to whoever is closer.
一傳之遙要貼到什麼程度？How tight should I play one pass away?: 看這條傳球線通向哪兒。通向籃下就貼緊，一隻手插進傳球線；只是外線之間的一次轉移，就退半步，站到能同時看見球和人的地方。把場上每一條傳球線都封死，等於把所有協防位置一起放棄。It depends where that pass would go. Deny it hard, with a hand in the lane, when the pass leads to the rim; when it is only a swing between two perimeter players, drop half a step to where you can see the ball and your man at once. Denying every pass on the floor means giving up every help position on it.
輪轉之後對位全亂了怎麼辦？Our matchups are a mess after a rotation. Now what?: 先守住球，再在下一次死球或者球權轉換的時候對回來。輪轉之後所有人都換了人是正常的；搶著換回原來的對位，反而會在那兩秒裡把籃下讓出去。Guard the ball first and sort the matchups out at the next dead ball or change of possession. Everyone holding a different man after a rotation is normal; scrambling to swap back is what opens the rim for the two seconds it takes.

回到防守入門：防守要做的 6 件事Back to defence: the 6 things it asks of you

整頁只有一條線：球、我、人 · One line runs through the page: ball, you, man