01DROP
沉退Drop
掩護到來時，守持球人的那個從掩護上方擠過去追；守掩護人的大個不出去，退到罰球線和禁區之間，始終把身體留在球和籃筐之間。兩個人一前一後夾出一條通道，把持球人往中距離趕。 · As the screen arrives the guard chases over the top of it, while the big does not come out at all: he sinks to somewhere between the free-throw line and the rim and keeps his body between the ball and the basket. Front and back, the two of them leave a corridor that sends the ball-handler into a mid-range shot.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes掩護之後那一記中距離拉桿，以及大個退得太深時弧頂的三分。這是六種裡最不容易崩盤的一種，也是最容易被一個穩定中投手一點點吃掉的一種。 · The pull-up off the screen, and the three at the top when the big sinks too far. It is the least likely of the six to fall apart, and the easiest for a reliable mid-range shooter to eat one possession at a time.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it你的大個橫移跟不上外線，或者對方持球人拉開投籃不準。 · Your big cannot slide with a guard on the perimeter, or their ball-handler does not shoot well off the dribble.
02SWITCH
換防Switch
掩護發生的那一瞬間兩個人同時喊出來並交換對位：原本守掩護人的接管持球人，原本守持球人的接管順下那個，並且立刻把身體卡在他和籃筐之間。喊晚半拍，就是兩個人守同一個人。 · Both defenders call it out at the moment of contact and trade men: the big picks up the ball, the guard picks up the roller and gets his body between him and the rim at once. Called half a beat late, it is two defenders on one man.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes錯位：大個去守外線持球人，小個在內線扛背身。對方下一個動作一定是衝著這個錯位來的，所以換完之後第一件事是弱側提前做好協防準備。 · The mismatch: a big out on a guard, a guard holding a post inside. Their next action will be aimed at it, so the first thing after a switch is the weak side getting ready to help.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it五個人的身高和腳步接近，誰換到誰身上都不吃虧。 · Your five are close enough in size and foot speed that it does not matter who ends up on whom.
03SHOW
上提回追Hedge
大個短暫跳到掩護外側，用身體擋住持球人的直線路線，逼他繞一個遠弧；同一時間守持球人的從掩護上方擠過去追上來，大個一看到他回到球上，立刻轉身追回自己的人。 · The big jumps briefly to the outside of the screen and takes the straight line away, making the ball-handler swing wide, while the guard chases over the top; the moment the big sees him back on the ball, he turns and recovers to his own man.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes回追的那兩步：大個在外面的時候順下那個是空的，弱側必須先頂他一下，否則就是一次籃下接球。 · Those two steps of recovery. While the big is out there the roller is open, so the weak side has to tag him on the way through, or it is a catch at the rim.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it你的大個出得去也回得來，而且對方持球人一旦被放開就能自己解決問題。 · Your big can get out and get back, and their ball-handler will solve the possession himself if you turn him loose.
04BLITZ
上提夾擊Blitz
大個跳出到掩護外側之後不再回追，和守持球人的一起把球夾住，兩個人的手都舉起來封住傳球線。目的不是抄截，是逼他把球交出去。其餘三個人退成一個三角，先護籃下，再補最近的那個空位。 · The big jumps out to the outside of the screen and does not recover: he and the guard trap the ball with hands high in the passing lanes. The aim is not a steal, it is making him give the ball up. The other three drop into a triangle, protect the rim first and close out to the nearest man second.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes一次 4 打 3。球只要傳出夾擊，你就永遠慢一拍，接下來靠的是弱側輪轉的速度，不是對位。 · Four on three. Once the ball is out of the trap you are a beat behind everywhere, and what saves the possession is the speed of the weak-side rotation rather than any matchup.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it對方一個人持球解決所有問題，而他的隊友接到球之後並不會懲罰你。 · One man is solving everything for them, and his team-mates will not punish you once the ball leaves his hands.
05ICE
側壓Ice or down
守持球人的搶先跳到掩護那一側，用身體把持球人轉向底線，讓這道掩護根本用不上；大個不上提，守在禁區邊等他下來。整套配合被壓進邊線和底線夾出來的那個角裡。 · The guard jumps early to the screen side and turns the ball-handler toward the baseline, so the screen is never used at all, while the big stays low at the edge of the lane and waits for him there. The action gets squeezed into the corner the sideline and the baseline make between them.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes底線的中距離和底角三分，以及他如果堅決拒絕往底線走、換手回到中路的那一次。 · The baseline mid-range and the corner three, plus the change of hands back to the middle if he refuses the direction hard enough.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it這是一次邊線擋拆，而且你寧可讓他往底線走，也不願意放他進中路。 · It is a side ball screen, and you would rather have him going baseline than into the middle of the floor.
06
從掩護下方繞過Go under
守持球人的從掩護人和自己的大個之間穿過去，搶在持球人前面重新站好；大個把身體稍微讓開一點，給他留出這條通道。整套配合等於被跳過了。 · The guard cuts between the screener and his own big and arrives in front of the ball again, with the big opening up just enough to let him through. The action is skipped rather than guarded.
讓出什麼 · What it concedes掩護之後立刻拔起來的那記三分。對一個能投的人用這一招，等於把分直接送出去。 · The pull-up three, taken the moment he clears the screen. Used on a shooter, it is handing the points over.
什麼時候選它 · When to call it對方持球人拉開三分不準，你寧可退一步，也不願意被他一步突進來。 · Their ball-handler does not shoot the three off the dribble, and you would rather concede a step than a drive.
常見問題 · Common questions
- 擋拆到底該不該換防？ · Should we switch ball screens or not?
- 看五個人的身型差距。差得不多就全換，換防之後沒有任何一次繞掩護的損失；只要有一個人換出去守不住，對方下一次擋拆就會專門去找那個錯位。介於兩者之間的隊伍通常只在外線三個人之間換。 · It depends on how far apart your five are in size. Close enough and switching everything costs you nothing, because nobody ever has to fight over a screen. One defender who cannot hold his new man, though, and their next screen will be set specifically to find him. Teams in between usually switch only among their three perimeter players.
- 沉退防守為什麼總被中距離打？ · Why does drop coverage keep giving up mid-range jumpers?
- 因為那正是它讓出的東西。沉退拿走的是順下和籃下，代價就是掩護之後那一記拉桿跳投。要麼接受這個代價，要麼改成上提回追，但那要求你的大個出得去也回得來。 · Because that is the thing it trades away. Drop takes the roll and the layup off the table, and it pays for them with the pull-up off the screen. Either you accept that price or you go to a hedge, which asks your big to get out and get back.
- 側壓和沉退是一回事嗎？ · Is ICE the same as drop coverage?
- 不是。沉退是讓他使用掩護、然後在裡面等他；側壓是根本不讓他用這道掩護，用身體把他逼向底線。兩者經常一起用：邊線的擋拆側壓，弧頂的擋拆沉退。 · No. Drop lets him use the screen and waits for him inside; ICE refuses the screen altogether and turns him down the sideline. The two are often used together: ICE the side screens and drop the ones at the top.
