新手球隊先學聯防還是盯人？

盯人。聯防看起來省力，其實每個人要同時看球和看兩三個人，要判斷的比盯人更多；而且沒練過盯人的人不知道協防位置在哪兒，聯防的每個縫隙都沒人補。先把球、我、人一條線練熟，再談聯防。

2-3 聯防怎麼防底角三分？

防不住，只能減少。球到 45 度時，下面那一側的人提前往底角挪半步，上面的人同時收進來守 45 度；球真到了底角，就由下面的人撲出去，籃下的人補他的位置。這是所有 2-3 的固有漏洞，對手底角準就換陣形。

全場緊逼什麼時候該撤？

被連續打穿兩次多打少，或者主力大個吃到第三次犯規的時候。緊逼是用體力和犯規換失誤，賬一旦算不過來就立刻退回半場。

防守 · 整隊Defence · The team

防守體系：7 套，五個人站哪兒Team defences: 7 systems, and where the five stand

前面幾頁寫的都是一個人的事。體系是五個人在開球前就要定下來的那件事：換不換、收不收、夾不夾。野球場上幾乎從來沒人說過，所以五個人各守各的。下面 7 套每套一張站位圖，寫清誰站哪兒、它拿走什麼、讓出什麼、什麼時候用，以及本站哪一頁教你怎麼打它。Everything before this page is one defender’s job. A system is the decision the five make before the ball is live: whether you switch, sink or trap. On a pickup court nobody ever says it out loud, so five people guard five men and nothing else is agreed. Each of the 7 below is drawn as where the five stand, with what it takes, what it concedes, when to use it, and which page on this site teaches how to beat it.

先選盯人，再談別的Man-to-man first, then anything else

所有聯防都是從盯人退回去的一步：腳步跟不上了退成區域，某個人守不住了退成四方一盯。一支沒練過盯人的隊去打聯防，聯防的每個縫隙都會變成沒人補的空位。所以順序是盯人、換防規則，然後才是聯防和緊逼。Every zone is a step back from man-to-man: feet that cannot keep up become areas, one defender who cannot hold his man becomes a box-and-one. A team that has never learned man-to-man plays a zone as five seams nobody fills. So the order is man, then the switching rules, and only then zones and presses.

防守站位：球、我、人Positioning: ball, you, man 擋拆防守：換防和另外五種Pick and roll defence: switching and five others

藍色 X：我方防守者Blue X: our defenders
紅色數字：對方進攻球員Red number: their attackers
橙色圓點：球Orange dot: the ball

盯人Man-to-man

也叫人盯人 · 一對一防守 · 對位防守man-to-man · man defence · matchup defence

誰站哪兒Who stands where每個人負責一個對手，跟著他走到哪兒守到哪兒；球不在你人手上時，按球、我、人那條線退到協防位。誰守誰在開球前定好，一般是身型對身型。Every defender owns one opponent and goes where he goes; when the ball is not on your man, you drop along the ball-you-man line into help. Matchups are set before the ball is live, usually size for size.

拿走什麼What it takes責任清楚。每一分都能說出是誰丟的，所以它是唯一能逼每個人練好一對一的體系。Accountability. Every basket has a name on it, which makes this the only system that forces every defender to learn to guard a man.

讓出什麼What it concedes掩護。五個人各守各的，就要一次次繞過掩護，對手會用擋拆和無球掩護一整晚地考你的腳步和換防默契。Screens. Five defenders on five men have to fight through every one of them, and the offence will test your footwork and your switching rules all night with ball screens and off-ball screens.

什麼時候用When it is used默認答案。五個人腳步都不差、沒有明顯的身高短板時用它；所有聯防都是從盯人退回去的那一步。The default. Use it when your five can all move their feet and nobody is badly undersized; every zone is a step back from this one.

換防盯人Switching man-to-man

也叫全換防 · 無限換防 · 換防體系switch everything · switching defence · switch-all

誰站哪兒Who stands where還是盯人，但每一道掩護都直接換：守掩護人的接管持球人，守持球人的接管掩護人。誰被換到誰身上不重要，重要的是兩個人同時喊出來。Still man-to-man, but every screen is switched: the screener’s defender takes the ball, the ball-handler’s defender takes the screener. Who ends up on whom matters less than both of them calling it at the same moment.

拿走什麼What it takes掩護的全部效果。對手跑再多的掩護，你也從來不用繞，永遠有一個人在球前面。Everything a screen is for. However many they run, nobody ever has to fight over one, and there is always a defender in front of the ball.

讓出什麼What it concedes錯位。換完之後大個守外線、小個扛內線，對手下一次進攻一定是打這兩個錯位之一。The mismatch. After the switch a big is on a guard and a guard is on a big, and the next action will attack one of those two.

什麼時候用When it is used五個人身高體型接近，誰換到誰身上都不吃虧。三個外線之間的換防幾乎所有球隊都能用，全換防只有整隊都差不多高的隊能用。Your five are close in size, so no switch creates a real mismatch. Switching among the three perimeter players is for almost everyone; switching everything is for teams built the same height all the way down.

2-3 聯防2-3 zone

也叫2-3 區域聯防 · 兩三聯防2-3 zone · two-three zone

誰站哪兒Who stands where兩個人在上面守弧頂和兩側，三個人在下面守兩個底角和籃下。每個人守一塊地方，球到哪兒那一塊的人就出去，其餘人向球收縮。Two up top covering the point and the wings, three across the bottom covering both corners and the rim. Everyone owns an area: the ball enters yours, you come out; everyone else shifts toward it.

拿走什麼What it takes籃下和突破。禁區裡永遠站著三個人，任何衝進來的球都會撞上兩個身體。The rim and the drive. There are always three bodies in the lane, and anything driven into it meets two of them.

讓出什麼What it concedes外線，尤其是底角三分和高位。兩個上面的人守不住五個外線位置，球轉移兩次底角就空了。The perimeter, above all the corner three and the high post. Two defenders cannot cover five perimeter spots, and two swings leave a corner open.

什麼時候用When it is used對手外線投不進而內線比你強，或者你的人明顯跑不過他們的外線。也用來保護一個已經有犯規麻煩的大個。They cannot shoot from outside but are stronger inside, or your defenders are plainly slower than their perimeter players. Also for hiding a big who is in foul trouble.

3-2 聯防3-2 zone

也叫3-2 區域聯防 · 1-2-2 聯防3-2 zone · 1-2-2 zone

誰站哪兒Who stands where三個人在上面守弧頂和兩側，兩個人在下面守兩個底角和籃下。上面三人負責所有外線傳球，下面兩人一守籃下、一守球側底角。Three across the top covering the point and both wings, two along the bottom covering the corners and the rim. The three up top handle every perimeter pass; below, one has the rim and one has the ball-side corner.

拿走什麼What it takes外線出手，尤其是弧頂和兩側 45 度的三分。Perimeter shots, above all the three from the top and both wings.

讓出什麼What it concedes籃下和高位。只有兩個人守內線，一記高位傳球就能把整套陣形拉散。The rim and the high post. Two defenders inside is not enough, and one pass into the high post pulls the whole shape apart.

什麼時候用When it is used對手是一支投三分的隊而內線一般，或者你的人矮但快。They are a three-point team without much inside, or your defenders are small and quick.

1-3-1 聯防1-3-1 zone

也叫1-3-1 區域聯防 · 一三一聯防1-3-1 zone · one-three-one

誰站哪兒Who stands where一個人在弧頂頂球，三個人橫排在罰球線一帶守兩側和高位，一個人在籃下來回跑守兩個底角。所有傳球都被趕向邊線，然後在邊線和底線的夾角夾擊。One on the ball at the top, three in a line across the free-throw area covering both wings and the high post, one under the rim running corner to corner. Every pass is pushed to the sideline and then trapped in the corner the sideline and the baseline make.

拿走什麼What it takes高位和中路。中間那三個人把禁區上方封死，對手很難把球送進高位再從那裡做文章。The high post and the middle. The three across the middle close the top of the lane, and the offence struggles to get the ball in there and play from it.

讓出什麼What it concedes底角。底下那個人要同時守兩個底角，跨場傳球一到，他必然在錯的那一邊。The corners. The man along the baseline is asked to cover both, and the skip pass always finds him on the wrong side.

什麼時候用When it is used你有一個又高又長、能一個人守兩個底角的球員，而且想用夾擊製造失誤。You have one long, quick defender who can run the baseline alone, and you want turnovers from the traps.

全場緊逼Full-court press

也叫全場逼搶 · 1-2-1-1 緊逼 · 全場壓迫full-court press · 1-2-1-1 press · diamond press

誰站哪兒Who stands where從對方發球那一刻開始防守：一個人貼著發球人擋傳球線，兩個人在罰球線延長線兩側等第一次接球，一個人在中場，最後一個人留在後場當安全閥。球一接到，就近的兩個人立刻夾擊。Defend from the inbound: one defender on the inbounder taking the pass away, two waiting either side of the free-throw line extended for the first catch, one at half court, one back as the safety. The moment the ball is caught, the two nearest trap it.

拿走什麼What it takes時間和從容。對手在八秒和夾擊之間做決定，失誤和倉促出手都是從這裡來的。Time and composure. The offence decides under the eight-second count and inside a trap, which is where turnovers and rushed shots come from.

讓出什麼What it concedes一次長傳就是一次多打少。夾擊一破，後面只剩兩個人守整個半場。One long pass and it is an odd-man rush the other way. Beat the trap and there are two defenders left for a whole half court.

什麼時候用When it is used落後需要追分、對手的控球後衛處理球不穩，或者你的替補比對手深、能承受這種消耗。You are behind and need possessions, their ball-handler is shaky under pressure, or your bench is deeper than theirs and can afford the cost.

四方一盯Box-and-one

也叫箱形一盯 · 混合防守 · box and onebox-and-one · box and one · junk defence

誰站哪兒Who stands where四個人站成一個方框守區域，第五個人全場只盯對方最能得分的那一個，不管球在哪兒都跟著他。Four defenders in a box playing zone, and the fifth follows their best scorer everywhere, wherever the ball is.

拿走什麼What it takes對方那個明星的空位。他每一次接球都有一個人貼著，方框還在背後等他。The star’s open looks. Every catch he makes has a man on it and a box waiting behind it.

讓出什麼What it concedes另外四個人的空位。方框守不滿整個半場，明星傳出去的球總有一個接球者是空的。The other four. A box does not cover a half court, and whoever the star passes to is usually open.

什麼時候用When it is used對方一個人拿了一半的分，而其他四個人接到球不會懲罰你。這是一套用來對付一個人的防守，用在平衡的隊伍上會被拆散。One player is scoring half their points and the other four will not punish you. It is a defence built for one man, and a balanced team takes it apart.

常見問題Common questions

新手球隊先學聯防還是盯人？Should a new team learn a zone or man-to-man first?: 盯人。聯防看起來省力，其實每個人要同時看球和看兩三個人，要判斷的比盯人更多；而且沒練過盯人的人不知道協防位置在哪兒，聯防的每個縫隙都沒人補。先把球、我、人一條線練熟，再談聯防。Man-to-man. A zone looks like less work, but every defender in it is reading the ball and two or three players at once, which is more to judge rather than less; and a defender who has never played man does not know where the help positions are, so every seam in the zone goes unfilled. Learn the ball-you-man line first.
2-3 聯防怎麼防底角三分？How does a 2-3 zone handle the corner three?: 防不住，只能減少。球到 45 度時，下面那一側的人提前往底角挪半步，上面的人同時收進來守 45 度；球真到了底角，就由下面的人撲出去，籃下的人補他的位置。這是所有 2-3 的固有漏洞，對手底角準就換陣形。It does not; it only limits it. As the ball reaches the wing, the bottom defender on that side slides half a step toward the corner while the top man on that side drops to the wing; when the ball does reach the corner, the bottom man closes out and the rim defender fills behind him. It is the hole built into every 2-3, and if they can hit it you change shape.
全場緊逼什麼時候該撤？When do you call off a press?: 被連續打穿兩次多打少，或者主力大個吃到第三次犯規的時候。緊逼是用體力和犯規換失誤，賬一旦算不過來就立刻退回半場。After it has been beaten for two odd-man rushes in a row, or when a starting big picks up his third foul. A press trades energy and fouls for turnovers; the moment that trade stops paying, drop back into the half court.

回到防守入門：防守要做的 6 件事Back to defence: the 6 things it asks of you

先選盯人，再談別的 · Man-to-man first, then anything else

這張圖上還有 · Also on this diagram