WolfUp Basketball Playbook

TACTIC 13 · 3v3 / 4v4 / 5v5

西班牙擋拆Spain Pick & Roll

第三名隊員在擋拆發生時，反向掩護順下人的防守者，再外彈接球。A third player back-screens the roller’s defender during the pick-and-roll, then pops out.

也叫西班牙式擋拆 · 背掩護順下人Spain PnR · stack pick and roll · Spanish pick and roll · back screen the roller

難度Difficulty
5/5
適用人數Formats
3v3 · 4v4 · 5v5

連續分步動畫Continuous step animation

先看整體，再逐步拆解See the whole action, then inspect each step

1/4 三人形成中路擋拆站位Set the middle three-player shape

靜態戰術圖Static play diagram

西班牙擋拆戰術圖：四步跑位一圖看完Spain Pick & Roll diagram: all four steps on one board

西班牙擋拆籃球戰術圖：4v4 四步跑位，進攻方標 1 到 4 號，防守方標 ×。
按 4v4 站位繪製，與上方動畫的默認人數一致。長按或右鍵即可保存，帶到球場上講。Drawn at 4v4, the same format the animation above opens on. Save it and bring it to the court.

跑法總覽Action overview

先看西班牙擋拆如何完整運轉See how the Spain Pick & Roll flows end to end

中路擋拆發生的同時，第三名隊員（通常是射手）埋伏在罰球線附近，對順下人的防守者做背掩護，然後立即外彈到弧頂。防守必須同時處理持球突破、無人盯防的順下和外彈三分三重威脅。While a middle ball screen unfolds, a third player lurking near the foul line back-screens the roller's defender, then immediately pops to the top. The defense must handle the drive, the freed roller, and the popping shooter all at once.

以上說明依據 Coach’s Clipboard · Spain Pick and Roll ↗ 的公開講解整理（非原文引用）。Paraphrased from Coach’s Clipboard · Spain Pick and Roll ↗, not a verbatim quote.

戰術意圖Tactical intent

西班牙擋拆要解決什麼問題？What problem does the Spain Pick & Roll solve?

持球、順下、外彈三個威脅同時出現，防守只要少喊一句就漏人。Handler, roller and popping screener at once: one missed call and someone is open.

四步跑法Four-step walkthrough

怎麼跑西班牙擋拆？How do you run the Spain Pick & Roll?

  1. 1

    三人形成中路擋拆站位Set the middle three-player shape

  2. 2

    持球人與掩護人啟動Start the ball screen

  3. 3

    第三人背掩護順下人的防守Third player back-screens the roller’s defender

  4. 4

    順下攻框，第三人外彈Roller dives; back-screener pops

教練口令Coaching cues

跑西班牙擋拆時隊友只需要記住什麼？What should players remember in the Spain Pick & Roll?

  • 第三人等擋拆開始再行動Third player waits for the screen to start
  • 背掩護後立刻外彈Pop out right after the back screen
  • 持球人先看籃下Handler looks rim-first

執行細節Execution details

西班牙擋拆最容易跑錯在哪裡？Where does the Spain Pick & Roll usually break down?

  • 第三人過早背掩護，防守提前溝通換防The back-screener leaves too early
  • 背掩護後停在禁區，沒有迅速外彈The back-screener remains in the lane instead of popping

訓練方法Practice method

訓練中怎麼練熟西班牙擋拆？How should a team practice the Spain Pick & Roll?

3v3 中路 Spain，只保留持球人、順下人和背掩護人，逐種防守覆蓋練習。3v3 middle Spain against one coverage at a time before adding spacers.

人數變形Format variations

西班牙擋拆在 3v3、4v4、5v5 怎麼調整？How does the Spain Pick & Roll change in 3v3, 4v4 and 5v5?

3v3
Spain 核心三人Core three-player Spain PnR
4v4
Spain + 單側拉開Spain PnR + one-side spacing
5v5
Spain + 雙側拉開Spain PnR + two-side spacing

4v4 備戰變化4v4 variations for game prep

  • Spain + 單側拉開Spain with one spacer

    核心三人打西班牙擋拆，第四人釘在遠端底角拉開協防。The core trio runs Spain while the fourth player pins the far corner.

  • 假背掩護直接外彈Stack pop fake

    背掩護人虛晃一下立即外彈，懲罰提前溝通換防的防守。The back-screener fakes the screen and pops immediately, punishing pre-switch communication.

防守怎麼守How it is guarded

怎麼防守西班牙擋拆？How do you defend the Spain Pick & Roll?

每一種守法都要放棄一點東西，問題只是放棄哪一點。下面是常見的幾種，以及它們各自留下的口子。Every coverage gives something up; the only question is what. These are the common ones and the opening each of them leaves.

換掉背掩護Switch the back screenSWITCH

順下人的防守者和被背掩護的那名防守者交換對位，讓第三個人的掩護失效。The roller's defender and the back screener's defender trade, so the third player's screen accomplishes nothing.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 換防的人要從外線一路跟著順下人往籃下跑，幾乎必然落後半個身位。持球人這時把球高高吊進去就行。The switching defender has to run to the rim from the perimeter and is half a step behind for all of it. The handler simply throws it high.

三人守兩人Three on the ball

防守直接放掉外彈的那名掩護人，用三個人處理持球和順下。The defence abandons the popping screener and uses three bodies on the ball and the roller.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 放掉的人就是答案。西班牙擋拆的第三個威脅本來就是外彈接球投籃，防守放棄他等於替進攻做了選擇。The player they leave is the answer. The third threat in this action is the screener popping for a shot, and a defence that ignores it has chosen the offence's option for it.

順下人防守者提前上提The big jumps out early

內線防守者在背掩護形成之前就跨出去處理持球人，避開被掩護的位置。The big steps out to the ball before the back screen can land, avoiding the spot where it would arrive.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 他跨出去，籃下就沒人。順下人不等掩護，直接下順；做背掩護的人則改為下順跟進，兩個人同時攻籃筐。Stepping out empties the rim. The roller stops waiting for the screen and dives immediately, while the back screener slips in behind, attacking the basket two at a time.

容易混淆的動作Often confused with

西班牙擋拆和哪些動作容易混？What is the Spain Pick & Roll often confused with?

下面這些動作和它長得像，但解決的問題不同。每一條只說那個決定性的區別。These look like it and solve a different problem. Each entry names the one difference that decides which is which.

西班牙擋拆 vs 擋拆Spain Pick & Roll vs Pick & Roll

西班牙擋拆就是擋拆加一個人。多出來的第三人在順下發生的同時，背掩護順下人的防守者，再外彈到外線。於是持球、順下、外彈三個威脅同時出現，而普通擋拆只有前兩個。Spain is a ball screen plus one player. The extra man back-screens the roller's defender as the roll begins, then pops. Three threats appear at once — ball, roll and pop — where an ordinary ball screen carries only the first two.

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