WolfUp Basketball Playbook

TACTIC 01 · 3v3 / 4v4 / 5v5

擋拆Pick & Roll

持球人借掩護突破，掩護人轉身順下；其餘隊員負責拉開協防距離。The handler uses a ball screen while the screener rolls and the remaining players keep help occupied.

也叫持球掩護 · 擋拆配合ball screen · on-ball screen · PnR · screen and roll

難度Difficulty
2/5
適用人數Formats
3v3 · 4v4 · 5v5

連續分步動畫Continuous step animation

先看整體，再逐步拆解See the whole action, then inspect each step

1/4 拉開站位，掩護人靠近Space and approach

靜態戰術圖Static play diagram

擋拆戰術圖：四步跑位一圖看完Pick & Roll diagram: all four steps on one board

擋拆籃球戰術圖：4v4 四步跑位，進攻方標 1 到 4 號，防守方標 ×。
按 4v4 站位繪製，與上方動畫的默認人數一致。長按或右鍵即可保存，帶到球場上講。Drawn at 4v4, the same format the animation above opens on. Save it and bring it to the court.

跑法總覽Action overview

先看擋拆如何完整運轉See how the Pick & Roll flows end to end

掩護人跑向持球人的防守者一側，雙腳站定形成合法掩護；持球人貼著掩護人肩膀運球通過，迫使兩名防守者同時應對。掩護完成後掩護人立即轉身向籃下順下，持球人根據補防選擇上籃、傳給順下人或分給外線空位。The screener sprints to the on-ball defender and sets a stationary screen; the handler drives shoulder-to-shoulder off it, forcing two defenders to commit. After contact the screener opens up and rolls hard to the rim while the handler reads the help: finish, hit the roller, or kick out.

以上說明依據 Coach’s Clipboard · Setting, Using and Reading Screens ↗ 的公開講解整理（非原文引用）。Paraphrased from Coach’s Clipboard · Setting, Using and Reading Screens ↗, not a verbatim quote.

戰術意圖Tactical intent

擋拆要解決什麼問題？What problem does the Pick & Roll solve?

迫使兩名防守者同時照顧球和順下人，製造短暫二打一。Force two defenders to guard the ball and roller at once.

四步跑法Four-step walkthrough

怎麼跑擋拆？How do you run the Pick & Roll?

  1. 1

    拉開站位，掩護人靠近Space and approach

  2. 2

    雙腳站穩，持球人貼肩通過Set feet and use the screen tightly

  3. 3

    持球人攻框，掩護人順下Drive while the screener rolls

  4. 4

    讀補防：上籃、順下或分球Read: finish, roll pass, or kick-out

教練口令Coaching cues

跑擋拆時隊友只需要記住什麼？What should players remember in the Pick & Roll?

  • 肩貼肩，不給防守穿過Shoulder to shoulder, no gap for the defender
  • 先站穩，再順下Set the screen first, then roll
  • 弱側保持寬度Keep weak-side width

執行細節Execution details

擋拆最容易跑錯在哪裡？Where does the Pick & Roll usually break down?

  • 掩護人仍在移動，形成非法掩護風險The screener is still moving at contact
  • 持球人離掩護太遠，讓防守從縫隙穿過The handler leaves space instead of brushing the screen

訓練方法Practice method

訓練中怎麼練熟擋拆？How should a team practice the Pick & Roll?

2v2 擋拆閱讀：固定練習追防、換防與繞下三種防守。2v2 ball-screen reads against chase, switch, and under coverage.

人數變形Format variations

擋拆在 3v3、4v4、5v5 怎麼調整？How does the Pick & Roll change in 3v3, 4v4 and 5v5?

3v3
雙人擋拆 + 一側拉開Two-player PnR + one-side spacing
4v4
擋拆 + 雙底角PnR + two corners
5v5
高位擋拆 + 三人弱側High PnR + three-player weak side

4v4 備戰變化4v4 variations for game prep

  • 側翼擋拆 + 雙底角Wing PnR, two corners

    在側翼發動擋拆，兩名射手釘在底角，禁區完全清空，順下路線最乾淨。Screen on the wing with both shooters pinned in the corners, so the lane stays empty for the roller.

  • 弧頂高位擋拆High PnR at the top

    掩護設在弧頂，持球人可選任意一側突破，弱側射手隨突破方向漂移。Screen at the top so the handler can attack either side; shooters drift with the drive.

  • 再掩護Re-screen

    防守繞過或換防後，掩護人立即調整角度做第二次掩護，反向攻擊。If the defense goes under or switches, the screener flips the angle and re-screens the other way.

防守怎麼守How it is guarded

怎麼防守擋拆？How do you defend the Pick & Roll?

每一種守法都要放棄一點東西，問題只是放棄哪一點。下面是常見的幾種，以及它們各自留下的口子。Every coverage gives something up; the only question is what. These are the common ones and the opening each of them leaves.

沉退DropDROP

掩護人的防守者退到掩護後方守住籃筐，持球人的防守者從掩護上方追過去。兩個人一前一後，把突破路線夾在中間。The screener's defender drops below the screen to protect the rim while the on-ball defender chases over the top, so the drive has to travel between them.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 讓出的是掩護後那一步的投籃。持球人繞過掩護直接起跳，是這套防守最便宜的破法；如果沉退的內線為了封這一球提前上來，順下人身後就空了，直接吊傳籃下。What it concedes is the shot right off the screen. The handler pulls up as soon as they clear it, and if the dropping big steps up to contest that shot, the space behind him belongs to the roller — throw it over the top.

換防SwitchSWITCH

兩名防守者在掩護接觸時交換對位，誰也不追、不繞，掩護當場作廢。The two defenders trade assignments at the moment of contact. Nobody chases and nobody recovers, so the screen buys nothing.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 換出來的是錯位。大個換到持球人身上就直接把他打起來，小個換到掩護人身上就立刻要位低位。兩種錯位都要在防守收縮之前用掉。It hands the offence a mismatch. Attack the big off the dribble, or seal the small defender on the block immediately — either one has to be used before the rest of the defence sinks in.

上提夾擊BlitzBLITZ

掩護人的防守者跨出到掩護外側，兩個人同時壓住持球人，逼他把球傳出來。The screener's defender steps out beyond the screen and both defenders pressure the ball, forcing it out of the handler's hands.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 球一出手，場上就是四打三。順下人接球後不要急著上籃，先看弱側底角——補防最後一個人一定來自那裡。The moment the pass is out it is four against three. The roller should catch and look weak side before finishing, because the last help defender always comes from that corner.

上提回追HedgeSHOW

掩護人的防守者短暫跨出去擋一下持球人的去路，等隊友追上來之後馬上退回自己人身邊。它比夾擊輕，只想拖慢這一步，不想把球逼出來。The screener's defender steps out briefly to slow the handler down, then recovers to his own man as soon as the chaser catches up. It is a lighter coverage than a blitz: it wants to delay the drive, not to force the ball out.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 他跨出去再退回來的這段路是有代價的。順下人不等他退到位就貼著他往籃下走，兩個人搶同一塊地方，通常是掩護人先到。持球人只要把節奏壓慢半拍，等這條路線出現。The trip out and back costs him. The screener rolls hard before he can recover, and the two of them are racing for the same ground with the screener a step ahead. The handler's job is to slow half a beat and wait for that lane to appear.

從掩護下方繞過Go under

持球人的防守者從掩護裡側鑽過去回到前面，寧可讓出一記三分也不讓人突進禁區。防守不會投的持球人時，這是最省力的一種守法。The on-ball defender ducks inside the screen to get back in front, giving up a three rather than a drive. Against a handler who cannot shoot it is the cheapest coverage there is.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 會投三分的持球人直接懲罰它——這是全場最容易得到的一次空位出手。不投的持球人則立刻再做一次掩護，逼防守者做第二次選擇。A handler who can shoot punishes it immediately; it is the easiest open look the defence hands out all night. A handler who cannot re-screens at once and makes the same defender choose again.

側壓Ice or downICE

持球人的防守者提前跨到掩護和球之間，逼持球人沿邊線往底線走，等於拒絕使用這次掩護。The on-ball defender jumps between the ball and the screen and forces the handler down the sideline, refusing the screen altogether.

進攻怎麼打：What beats it: 掩護人不做掩護了，改成往外彈或往肘區滑動接球，因為防守他的人還沉在籃下。也可以直接把球轉移到弱側再從另一側重做。The screener stops screening and slips to the elbow or pops instead, because their own defender is still sunk toward the rim. Reversing the ball and re-running it on the other side works just as well.

容易混淆的動作Often confused with

擋拆和哪些動作容易混？What is the Pick & Roll often confused with?

下面這些動作和它長得像，但解決的問題不同。每一條只說那個決定性的區別。These look like it and solve a different problem. Each entry names the one difference that decides which is which.

擋拆 vs 擋拆外彈Pick & Roll vs Pick & Pop

同一次掩護，掩護人之後走的方向相反。順下是攻擊籃筐，逼防守收縮；外彈是拉開到投籃位置，懲罰已經收縮的防守。挑哪一個不看戰術，看掩護人會不會投。Same screen, opposite second move. The roll attacks the rim and forces the defence to collapse; the pop spaces out and punishes a defence that already has. Which one you run is decided by whether the screener can shoot, not by the play.

擋拆 vs 手遞手Pick & Roll vs Dribble Handoff

擋拆裡球始終在同一個人手上，掩護是給運球的人做的；手遞手裡球在掩護發生的那一刻換了手。防守讀的東西也因此不同：擋拆防的是運球線，手遞手防的是交球那一下。In a ball screen the ball never changes hands and the screen is set for the dribbler. In a handoff the ball changes hands at the moment of the screen. Defences read them differently for that reason: one guards the drive, the other guards the exchange.

相關戰術Related tactics