01DROP
沉退Drop
掩护到来时，守持球人的那个从掩护上方挤过去追；守掩护人的大个不出去，退到罚球线和禁区之间，始终把身体留在球和篮筐之间。两个人一前一后夹出一条通道，把持球人往中距离赶。 · As the screen arrives the guard chases over the top of it, while the big does not come out at all: he sinks to somewhere between the free-throw line and the rim and keeps his body between the ball and the basket. Front and back, the two of them leave a corridor that sends the ball-handler into a mid-range shot.
让出什么 · What it concedes掩护之后那一记中距离拉杆，以及大个退得太深时弧顶的三分。这是六种里最不容易崩盘的一种，也是最容易被一个稳定中投手一点点吃掉的一种。 · The pull-up off the screen, and the three at the top when the big sinks too far. It is the least likely of the six to fall apart, and the easiest for a reliable mid-range shooter to eat one possession at a time.
什么时候选它 · When to call it你的大个横移跟不上外线，或者对方持球人拉开投篮不准。 · Your big cannot slide with a guard on the perimeter, or their ball-handler does not shoot well off the dribble.
02SWITCH
换防Switch
掩护发生的那一瞬间两个人同时喊出来并交换对位：原本守掩护人的接管持球人，原本守持球人的接管顺下那个，并且立刻把身体卡在他和篮筐之间。喊晚半拍，就是两个人守同一个人。 · Both defenders call it out at the moment of contact and trade men: the big picks up the ball, the guard picks up the roller and gets his body between him and the rim at once. Called half a beat late, it is two defenders on one man.
让出什么 · What it concedes错位：大个去守外线持球人，小个在内线扛背身。对方下一个动作一定是冲着这个错位来的，所以换完之后第一件事是弱侧提前做好协防准备。 · The mismatch: a big out on a guard, a guard holding a post inside. Their next action will be aimed at it, so the first thing after a switch is the weak side getting ready to help.
什么时候选它 · When to call it五个人的身高和脚步接近，谁换到谁身上都不吃亏。 · Your five are close enough in size and foot speed that it does not matter who ends up on whom.
03SHOW
上提回追Hedge
大个短暂跳到掩护外侧，用身体挡住持球人的直线路线，逼他绕一个远弧；同一时间守持球人的从掩护上方挤过去追上来，大个一看到他回到球上，立刻转身追回自己的人。 · The big jumps briefly to the outside of the screen and takes the straight line away, making the ball-handler swing wide, while the guard chases over the top; the moment the big sees him back on the ball, he turns and recovers to his own man.
让出什么 · What it concedes回追的那两步：大个在外面的时候顺下那个是空的，弱侧必须先顶他一下，否则就是一次篮下接球。 · Those two steps of recovery. While the big is out there the roller is open, so the weak side has to tag him on the way through, or it is a catch at the rim.
什么时候选它 · When to call it你的大个出得去也回得来，而且对方持球人一旦被放开就能自己解决问题。 · Your big can get out and get back, and their ball-handler will solve the possession himself if you turn him loose.
04BLITZ
上提夹击Blitz
大个跳出到掩护外侧之后不再回追，和守持球人的一起把球夹住，两个人的手都举起来封住传球线。目的不是抢断，是逼他把球交出去。其余三个人退成一个三角，先护篮下，再补最近的那个空位。 · The big jumps out to the outside of the screen and does not recover: he and the guard trap the ball with hands high in the passing lanes. The aim is not a steal, it is making him give the ball up. The other three drop into a triangle, protect the rim first and close out to the nearest man second.
让出什么 · What it concedes一次 4 打 3。球只要传出夹击，你就永远慢一拍，接下来靠的是弱侧轮转的速度，不是对位。 · Four on three. Once the ball is out of the trap you are a beat behind everywhere, and what saves the possession is the speed of the weak-side rotation rather than any matchup.
什么时候选它 · When to call it对方一个人持球解决所有问题，而他的队友接到球之后并不会惩罚你。 · One man is solving everything for them, and his team-mates will not punish you once the ball leaves his hands.
05ICE
侧压Ice or down
守持球人的抢先跳到掩护那一侧，用身体把持球人转向底线，让这道掩护根本用不上；大个不上提，守在禁区边等他下来。整套配合被压进边线和底线夹出来的那个角里。 · The guard jumps early to the screen side and turns the ball-handler toward the baseline, so the screen is never used at all, while the big stays low at the edge of the lane and waits for him there. The action gets squeezed into the corner the sideline and the baseline make between them.
让出什么 · What it concedes底线的中距离和底角三分，以及他如果坚决拒绝往底线走、换手回到中路的那一次。 · The baseline mid-range and the corner three, plus the change of hands back to the middle if he refuses the direction hard enough.
什么时候选它 · When to call it这是一次边线挡拆，而且你宁可让他往底线走，也不愿意放他进中路。 · It is a side ball screen, and you would rather have him going baseline than into the middle of the floor.
06
从掩护下方绕过Go under
守持球人的从掩护人和自己的大个之间穿过去，抢在持球人前面重新站好；大个把身体稍微让开一点，给他留出这条通道。整套配合等于被跳过了。 · The guard cuts between the screener and his own big and arrives in front of the ball again, with the big opening up just enough to let him through. The action is skipped rather than guarded.
让出什么 · What it concedes掩护之后立刻拔起来的那记三分。对一个能投的人用这一招，等于把分直接送出去。 · The pull-up three, taken the moment he clears the screen. Used on a shooter, it is handing the points over.
什么时候选它 · When to call it对方持球人拉开三分不准，你宁可退一步，也不愿意被他一步突进来。 · Their ball-handler does not shoot the three off the dribble, and you would rather concede a step than a drive.
常见问题 · Common questions
- 挡拆到底该不该换防？ · Should we switch ball screens or not?
- 看五个人的身型差距。差得不多就全换，换防之后没有任何一次绕掩护的损失；只要有一个人换出去守不住，对方下一次挡拆就会专门去找那个错位。介于两者之间的队伍通常只在外线三个人之间换。 · It depends on how far apart your five are in size. Close enough and switching everything costs you nothing, because nobody ever has to fight over a screen. One defender who cannot hold his new man, though, and their next screen will be set specifically to find him. Teams in between usually switch only among their three perimeter players.
- 沉退防守为什么总被中距离打？ · Why does drop coverage keep giving up mid-range jumpers?
- 因为那正是它让出的东西。沉退拿走的是顺下和篮下，代价就是掩护之后那一记拉杆跳投。要么接受这个代价，要么改成上提回追，但那要求你的大个出得去也回得来。 · Because that is the thing it trades away. Drop takes the roll and the layup off the table, and it pays for them with the pull-up off the screen. Either you accept that price or you go to a hedge, which asks your big to get out and get back.
- 侧压和沉退是一回事吗？ · Is ICE the same as drop coverage?
- 不是。沉退是让他使用掩护、然后在里面等他；侧压是根本不让他用这道掩护，用身体把他逼向底线。两者经常一起用：边线的挡拆侧压，弧顶的挡拆沉退。 · No. Drop lets him use the screen and waits for him inside; ICE refuses the screen altogether and turns him down the sideline. The two are often used together: ICE the side screens and drop the ones at the top.
